Umwaka wa 2025 uzibukwa nk’uwahinduye byinshi ku ntambara imaze imyaka myinshi mu burasirazuba bwa Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo. Ni umwaka waranzwe n’ihindagurika rikomeye ku rugamba, aho ihuriro AFC/M23 ryagaragaje ubushobozi bwo kwagura ibirindiro byaryo ku muvuduko udasanzwe, rikagera ku rwego rwo kugenzura ibice bifite ubuso buruta ubw’igihugu cy’u Rwanda.
Intambara yatangiye gufata indi ntera mu ntangiriro za Mutarama 2025, ubwo AFC/M23 yamanukaga imisozi ikikije umujyi wa Sake muri teritwari ya Masisi. Uku kumanuka ntikwari uguhunga cyangwa kwirwanaho gusa, ahubwo kwari igikorwa cya gisirikare cyateguwe neza, cyatumye uyu mujyi ufatwa vuba kandi umuhanda w’ingenzi ingabo za Leta ya RDC zanyuzagamo intwaro n’ibikoresho bya gisirikare urafungwa.
Kuva icyo gihe, urugamba rwahise rwerekeza ku gace gafatwa nk’urufunguzo rw’umutekano wa Goma. Ingabo z’u Burundi zari zaroherejwe muri santere ya Minova muri Kalehe mu rwego rwo gukumira ko AFC/M23 igera i Goma, ariko ku wa 21 Mutarama, izi ngabo zari zamaze kuva muri ako gace. Ibi byasize inzira igana mu murwa mukuru wa Kivu y’Amajyaruguru ifunguye.
Leta ya RDC yahise igaba ibitero bikomeye kuri AFC/M23 yari yafashe Sake, igamije kuyisubiza inyuma mu bice bya Masisi birimo Mushaki. Nyamara, izi ngabo ntizashoboye kuyihagarika. Ahubwo AFC/M23 yakomeje kuyisunika igana mu nkengero za Goma, ibintu byashyize igitutu gikomeye ku buyobozi bw’Intara ya Kivu y’Amajyaruguru.
Mu rugamba rwabereye mu nkengero za Sake, ku itariki ya 24 Mutarama, General Major Peter Cirimwami, wari Guverineri w’iyi ntara, yarasiwe i Kasangezi ubwo yari yagiye gusura ingabo zari ku rugamba. Yaje kwitaba Imana nyuma y’igihe gito, apfiriye i Kinshasa, ibintu byongeye gukoma mu nkokora morale y’ingabo za Leta.
N’ubwo hari ababifashe nk’imvugo ya politiki, amagambo yavuzwe n’Umuvugizi wa AFC/M23, Lawrence Kanyuka, asaba ingabo za Leta kuva i Goma mbere y’uko bahagera, yaje kwemezwa n’ibyabaye. Mu gitondo cyo ku wa 27 Mutarama, imirwano ikomeye yarabereye mu mujyi wa Goma, by’umwihariko ku kibuga cy’indege, ahabereye isibaniro rikomeye.
Ku mugoroba w’uwo munsi, AFC/M23 yari yamaze kugenzura umujyi wose wa Goma. Ingabo za RDC, Wazalendo n’abandi bafatanyabikorwa bazo basize inyuma intwaro nyinshi ziremereye n’indege z’intambara zirimo Sukhoi-25, ibintu byafashwe nk’ihinduka rikomeye ku rugamba.
Nyuma yo gufata Goma, imirwano yakomeje kwerekeza mu Ntara ya Kivu y’Amajyepfo, aho ingabo za RDC, iz’u Burundi, Wazalendo na FDLR zari zarishyize hamwe zigashinga ibirindiro ku kibuga cy’indege cya Kavumu. Iki kibuga cyifashishwaga mu kugaba ibitero byo mu kirere ku birindiro bya AFC/M23 no ku baturage bo mu bice igenzura.
Tariki ya 14 Gashyantare, AFC/M23 yatangaje ko yafashe Kavumu n’ikibuga cy’indege cyaho, ivuga ko byari bigamije gukuraho inkomoko y’ibitero byahungabanyaga umutekano w’abaturage. Iyi ntambwe yahise ishyira umujyi wa Bukavu mu byago byo gufatwa, maze ku wa 16 Gashyantare, abarwanyi ba AFC/M23 binjira muri uwo mujyi nta mirwano ikomeye ibaye.
Icyakurikiyeho ni uko ingabo za Leta zahungiye muri Uvira no muri Kalemie, mu gihe Wazalendo na FDLR bo bagumye hafi y’imipaka. AFC/M23 yahise itangiza operasiyo zo gukuraho imitwe yari isigaye muri santere ya Kamanyola no ku mupaka, igamije kugarura ituze mu mujyi wa Bukavu.
Mu mezi yakurikiyeho, imirwano yakomeje mu Ntara ya Kivu y’Amajyaruguru, cyane cyane muri Walikale. N’ubwo AFC/M23 yafashe umujyi wa Walikale n’ikibuga cy’indege cya Kigoma ku wa 19 Werurwe, yaje kuwuvamo mu ntangiriro za Mata, ivuga ko ari ingamba zo kubaka icyizere mu biganiro by’amahoro byari byatangiye i Doha muri Qatar.
Ibiganiro by’i Doha byagize uruhare mu kugabanya ubukana bw’intambara, n’ubwo bitahagaritse burundu imirwano, cyane cyane bitewe n’ibikorwa bya Wazalendo. AFC/M23 yakomeje kuvuga ko aho byabaga ngombwa, yasubizanyaga imbaraga mu rwego rwo kwirinda no kurinda abaturage.
Ku wa 29 Kamena 2025, Corneille Nangaa yatangaje ko AFC/M23 igenzura ibice bifite ubuso burenga kilometero kare ibihumbi 34, bituwe n’abaturage barenga miliyoni 11. Iyi mibare yatumye benshi batungurwa, kuko ubu buso buruta ubw’u Rwanda, bufite kilometero kare ibihumbi 26,3.
Nangaa yavuze ko mu gihe cy’amezi make, AFC/M23 yashoboye kugarura umutekano n’ituze mu bice igenzura, ivuga ko abaturage bongeye kugira icyizere cy’ejo hazaza. Ibi byakomeje gushimangirwa n’uko mu mpera z’umwaka, iri huriro ryakomeje kwagura ibirindiro byaryo muri Walungu, rifata santere za Nzibira na Kasika, ndetse na Buhimba muri Walikale.
N’ubwo amasezerano y’amahoro n’ubufatanye mu iterambere ry’ubukungu hagati y’u Rwanda na RDC yasinywe ku wa 4 Ukuboza, iminsi yayabanje yaranzwe n’imirwano ikomeye, cyane cyane mu kibaya cya Rusizi. AFC/M23 yafashe santere nyinshi zirimo Katogota, Kaziba, Luberizi, Sange na Kiliba, ndetse yinjira mu mujyi wa Uvira mbere yo kuwuvamo ibisabwe n’abahuza mpuzamahanga.
Mu ncamake, umwaka wa 2025 wasize isura nshya ku ntambara yo mu burasirazuba bwa RDC. AFC/M23 yavuye ku rwego rwo kwirwanaho igera ku kuba igenzura igice kinini cy’ubutaka, ibintu byatumye igira ijambo rikomeye mu biganiro by’amahoro n’ahazaza h’iki gihugu. Icyakora, ikibazo cy’umutekano urambye n’amahoro arambye kiracyari ingorabahizi isaba ibisubizo bya politiki birenze intwaro.
