Mu gihe Abakirisitu benshi bari binjiye mu byishimo bya Noheli, mu burasirazuba bwa Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo (RDC), intambara yongeye gufata indi ntera. Ku wa 24 Ukuboza 2025, umunsi umwe mbere ya Noheli, Ingabo za Leta ya RDC (FARDC) zifatanyije na Wazalendo zahanganiye bikomeye n’ingabo za AFC/M23 muri santere ya Makabola, muri teritwari ya Fizi.
Iyi mirwano yamaze umunsi wose, ikoreshejwamo intwaro ziremereye na drones z’intambara, ibintu byatumye abasesenguzi bavuga ko Gen. Sultani Emmanuel Makenga, umugaba mukuru w’ingabo za AFC/M23, yahaye FARDC “Noheli”, mbere yo kwizihiza isabukuru y’imyaka 52 y’amavuko ye kuri iyi tariki ya 25 Ukuboza 2025.
Gen. Makenga yujuje imyaka 52 amaze avutse, kuko yavutse kuri Noheli yo mu 1973. Yavukiye i Nyanzale muri teritwari ya Masisi, mu burasirazuba bwa RDC, aho ubuzima bwe bwose bwaje gukomereza bujyana n’intambara n’imvururu zo muri aka karere.
Ubwe yigeze kuvuga ko yavukiye mu bihe bigoye, ari na byo byatumye ubuzima bwe bwose abumara mu gisirikare.
Ku myaka 17 gusa, Makenga yataye ishuri ajya mu mutwe w’inyeshyamba za Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF–Inkotanyi), wari ugizwe n’Abanyarwanda bari impunzi barwaniraga guhagarika ihohoterwa ku Batutsi no guharanira uburenganzira bwo gutahuka mu gihugu cyabo.
Mu 1994, RPF yatsinze ingabo za leta y’u Rwanda, ihagarika Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Icyo gihe, Makenga yari amaze kumenyekana nk’umusirikare udasanzwe ku rugamba, nubwo atari afite amashuri menshi.
Mu kiganiro yatanze mu 2013, Makenga yagize ati: “Ubuzima bwanjye ni intambara, amashuri yanjye ni intambara, ururimi rwanjye ni intambara… ariko nubaha amahoro.”
Nyuma y’ifatwa ry’ubutegetsi i Kigali, benshi mu basirikare n’abategetsi ba leta ya kera bahungiye muri Zayire (ubu ni RDC). Makenga yakomeje mu gisirikare cya RPA, agera ku ipeti rya serija, aba n’umwungiriza w’umuyobozi wa palatuni.
Abasirikare barwananye muri RPA bamuvuga nk’umusirikare wari ufite ubuhanga budasanzwe, cyane cyane mu gutega ibico (ambushes). Icyakora, kuba atarize amashuri menshi no kutavuga neza Icyongereza n’Igifaransa byabaye imbogamizi ku izamuka rye mu mapeti.
Mu 1997, Makenga yari mu nyeshyamba z’Abanyecongo zifashijwe n’ingabo z’u Rwanda gukuraho Perezida Mobutu Sese Seko, ubutegetsi bugafatwa na Laurent-Désiré Kabila. Gusa nyuma y’igihe gito, Makenga yatangiye gushwana n’abamukuriye, afungirwa ku kirwa cya Iwawa, nk’uko byemezwa n’inyandiko z’Akanama ka Loni gashinzwe umutekano.
Mu ntambara yo mu 1998, ubwo ingabo z’u Rwanda zongeye kwinjira muri Congo, Abatutsi b’Abanyecongo batangiye kwibasirwa bikomeye. Makenga yashinjaga ubutegetsi bwa Congo kugambanira abasirikare b’Abatutsi, avuga ko we atari umunyapolitiki, ahubwo ari umusirikare uvuga “ururimi rw’imbunda”.
Nyuma y’urupfu rwa Laurent Kabila mu 2001, intambara yarangiye mu 2003, Makenga ashyirwa mu ngabo za leta binyuze mu gikorwa cya mixage et brassage. Icyakora, amasezerano ya 2009 ntiyubahirijwe, bituma we na bagenzi be bongera gufata intwaro bashinga umutwe wa M23 mu 2012.
M23 yafashe umujyi wa Goma, Makenga ahita agirwa jenerali. Yashinjwe ibyaha by’intambara n’ibihugu birimo Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, ariko we yakomeje guhakana ibyo birego, abita “ibidafite ishingiro”.
Nyuma yo gutsindwa kwa M23 mu 2013, Makenga yahungiye muri Uganda. Hashize imyaka umunani, mu Ugushyingo 2021, yagarutse muri Congo, intambara zongera kubura.
Kuri iyi Noheli ya 2025, mu gihe yujuje imyaka 52, imirwano yo muri Makabola, muri Fizi, yafashwe n’abasesenguzi benshi nk’ikimenyetso cy’ubunararibonye bwe mu kuyobora intambara. FARDC n’abafatanyabikorwa bayo bahanganye n’ingabo za AFC/M23 umunsi wose wa 24 Ukuboza, abaturage bahunga ari benshi berekeza i Uvira.
Ku wa 25 Ukuboza, imirwano yacogoye, abaturage bajya gusenga kuri Noheli, ariko imitima yabo yuzuyemo impungenge. Benshi mu baturage bavuze ko Makenga yahaye FARDC “Noheli” itari iy’ibyishimo, ahubwo iy’amasasu n’intambara, mu gihe we yinjiraga mu isabukuru y’imyaka 52.
Makenga akunze kuvuga ko arwanira abana be batatu, kugira ngo bazagire ahazaza heza muri Congo. Nubwo yakatiwe igihano cy’urupfu n’ubutegetsi bwa Kinshasa, avuga ko nta kizamubuza gukomeza urugamba.
Kuri ubu, Gen. Makenga n’ingabo ayoboye baragenzura ibice binini byo mu burasirazuba bwa RDC. Isabukuru ye y’imyaka 52 kuri iyi Noheli yabaye mu gihe intambara ikomeje, igaragaza ko amateka ye n’amateka y’aka karere bikomeje kubohwa n’amasasu, aho kuba amahoro.
