Ifatwa ry’Umujyi wa Uvira n’ihuriro rya AFC/M23 ryabaye nk’inkuba ikubise u Burundi hagati mu nda. Si umutekano gusa wahungabanye, si icyubahiro cya gisirikare gusa cyasenyutse, ahubwo n’ubukungu bw’igihugu cyose bwahise bwinjira mu bihe bikomeye cyane, ku buryo ubutegetsi bwa Perezida Evariste Ndayishimiye bwisanze mu mibare iteye impungenge, ituma amagambo y’intambara atangira gusimbura ay’ubwumvikane.
Mu byumweru byari byabanje, Perezida Ndayishimiye n’abajyanama be ba gisirikare bari bafite icyizere gikomeye cy’uko bashobora gutsinda AFC/M23 no kuyisubiza inyuma mu Ntara ya Kivu y’Amajyepfo. Icyo cyizere cyashingiye ku bikoresho bikomeye by’intambara Ingabo z’u Burundi zari zarinjije mu mirwano, birimo imbunda ziremereye zirasa kure, za drones z’intambara n’izindi ntwaro zigezweho.
Icyari kigamijwe si ugufasha gusa Ingabo za RDC, ahubwo ni ukwisubiza icyubahiro igihugu cy’u Burundi cyari kimaze amezi cyandagariye mu rugamba cyinjiyemo mu buryo budasobanutse neza mu Burasirazuba bwa Congo.
Ubuyobozi bwa Bujumbura bwifuzaga kugaragaza ko bufite ijambo mu mutekano w’akarere, bityo bikongera icyubahiro cya Perezida Ndayishimiye imbere mu gihugu no ku ruhando mpuzamahanga.
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Ariko ibintu ntibyagenze uko byari byitezwe. Abarwanyi ba AFC/M23, na bo bari biteguye neza, basubije inyuma ingabo z’u Burundi, iza FARDC, imitwe ya Wazalendo na FDLR, mu muvuduko wihuse utari witezwe. Mu minsi mike gusa, imirwano yageze ku marembo y’Umujyi wa Uvira, umujyi ufite agaciro gakomeye cyane mu bukungu no mu mutekano w’u Burundi.
Ubwo imirwano yari ikomeje, Leta y’u Burundi yatangiye kugaragaza ibimenyetso by’ubwoba bushingiye ku mibare.
Tariki ya 10 Ukuboza 2025, Minisitiri w’Ububanyi n’Amahanga w’u Burundi, Dr. Edouard Bizimana, yatangarije Radiyo Mpuzamahanga y’Abafaransa (RFI) ko gufatwa kwa Uvira byashyira mu kaga umutekano wa Bujumbura, kuko intera iri hagati y’iyo mijyi ari nkeya cyane, ku buryo urugendo ruyihuza rutwara iminota mike.
Yagize ati: “Umurwa mukuru w’ubukungu wacu waba ubangamiwe. Ubucuruzi, urujya n’uruza rw’abantu n’ibicuruzwa byahagarara, hakiyongeraho ikibazo cy’impunzi. Ibi byose byashyira igihugu ku gitutu gikomeye.”
Iryo jambo ryaje risa n’iritanga ishusho y’ibyari bigiye gukurikiraho. Uwo munsi nyir’izina, AFC/M23 yatangaje ko yafashe Umujyi wa Uvira. Mu kanya gato, Leta y’u Burundi yafunze imipaka ya Kavimvira na Vugizo ihuza RDC n’u Burundi, ihagarika ubucuruzi bwari bushingiye kuri iyo mipaka.
Uwo mwanzuro wahise uhinduka igihombo gikomeye ku Burundi. Uvira si umujyi usanzwe. Ufite ubuso burenga kilometero kare 200, utuwe n’abaturage bagera ku bihumbi 700, kandi ubarizwa ku Kiyaga cya Tanganyika. Ni wo muryango w’ubukungu uhuza u Burundi na Kivu y’Amajyepfo.
Umupaka wa Kavimvira wari umuyoboro w’ingenzi w’ubucuruzi bwa buri munsi. Abanye-Congo n’Abarundi bahahiraga ibiribwa, amafi, ibikomoka ku buhinzi n’ibindi bicuruzwa by’ibanze. Ifungwa ry’uyu mupaka ryaciye umutima w’ubukungu bw’ibihugu byombi, ariko cyane cyane u Burundi bwari busanzwe bufite ubukungu bworoheje.
Faustin Ndikumana, umuyobozi wa PARCEM, yatangaje ko ibicuruzwa birenga 60% byoherezwa mu mahanga biva mu Burundi byinjira muri RDC, ahanini binyuze ku mupaka wa Kavimvira. Ibi byinjizaga amadovize akenewe cyane mu gihugu cyari gisanzwe gihanganye n’ikibazo cy’ivunjisha.
Imibare ya Banki Nkuru y’u Burundi igaragaza ko mu 2024, u Burundi bwohereje mu mahanga ibicuruzwa bipima toni ibihumbi 135,3, muri byo toni ibihumbi 69,4 zijya muri RDC. Ifungwa ry’umupaka wa Kavimvira ryahise rihungabanya iki gikorwa cyose cy’ubukungu.
Ikibazo cy’ibura ry’ibikomoka kuri peteroli cyarushijeho gukomera. Abarundi benshi bajyaga kugura lisansi na mazutu muri Kivu y’Amajyepfo ku giciro kiri hasi. Nyuma y’ifungwa ry’umupaka, ibi byarahagaze.
Umunyamakuru Esdras Ndikumana wa RFI yemeje ko igiciro cy’ijerekani ya litiro 20 cyazamutse kiva ku mafaranga y’Amarundi ibihumbi 150 kigera ku bihumbi 400, mu gihe idolari ryazamutse rigera kuri Fbu 6.500.
Muri urwo rujijo rwose, Leta y’u Burundi yatangiye gukaza imvugo. Iyatangiye ivuga ko izarinda umutekano wa Bujumbura uko byagenda kose, yaje kugera aho itangaza ko amahitamo ya gisirikare ashoboka. Ayo magambo ni yo yaje kuvamo iterabwoba ryeruye ku Rwanda.
Mu Muryango w’Abibumbye, Ambasaderi Zéphyrin Maniratanga yashinje u Rwanda kurenga ku myanzuro ya Loni, arusaba gukuramo ingabo zarwo muri RDC, anasaba ko hafatwa ibihano bikomeye. Yanavuze ko mu gihe ibitero byambukiranya imipaka bikomeza, u Burundi bwiteguye kwinjira mu ntambara yeruye n’u Rwanda.
Aya magambo yaje mu gihe ingabo z’u Burundi zari zimaze gutsindwa mu bice bya Kamanyola, Lubarika na Luvungi, kandi zigashinjwa ubwicanyi bukorerwa abasivile, cyane cyane Abanyamulenge mu gace ka Minembwe.
Ku rundi ruhande, AFC/M23 yatangaje ko idashaka umubano mubi n’u Burundi, ko ishaka kubana na bwo nk’umuturanyi mwiza, kandi ko niba hari ubushake, imipaka yafungurwa, ubucuruzi bugasubukurwa.
Mu by’ukuri, ifatwa rya Uvira ryashyize ahagaragara ko igihombo u Burundi bwagize kirenze kure iby’igisirikare. Ni igihombo cy’ubukungu, icy’icyubahiro n’icy’icyerekezo cya politiki. Imibare Perezida Ndayishimiye yishingikirizagaho yahindutse ibiharwe, bituma amagambo y’intambara aba nk’uburyo bwo guhunga ikibazo cy’imbere mu gihugu.
Ikibazo gisigaye ni uko iyo mvugo ishobora gusunikira akarere mu ntambara yeruye, mu gihe ibisubizo byari bukenewe kurusha ibindi ari ibiganiro, gutuza no gusubiza ubukungu ku murongo.
U Burundi bwafashe indi ntera mu mvugo ya dipolomasi, butangaza ku mugaragaro ko bushobora kwinjira mu ntambara yeruye n’u Rwanda bitewe n’imirwano ikomeje mu Ntara ya Kivu y’Amajyepfo.
Ibi byatangajwe n’intumwa yabwo mu Muryango w’Abibumbye i New York, ivuga ko u Burundi bukomeje kumva ko buri guterwa, bityo ko butazahora bwihanganira ibivugwa ko ari ibitero byambukiranya imipaka.
Ambasaderi w’u Burundi muri Loni, Zéphyrin Maniratanga, yashinje u Rwanda kutubahiriza umwanzuro wa 2773 w’Akanama k’Umutekano ka Loni, usaba u Rwanda gukura ingabo zarwo muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo.
Yibukije kandi ko uwo mwanzuro usaba Leta ya RDC gusenya imitwe yitwaje intwaro ikorera mu burasirazuba bwayo, harimo n’umutwe wa FDLR umaze igihe uvugwaho gufatanya na FARDC mu mirwano irwanya AFC/M23.
Uyu mudipolomate yavuze ko u Burundi bufite impungenge zikomeye zishingiye ku bikorwa bivugwa ko bikorwa n’u Rwanda, birimo ibitero byambukiranya imipaka bikozwe hakoreshejwe imbunda ziremereye, za drone n’izindi ntwaro zica.
Yagaragaje ko bimwe muri ibyo bitero byageze ku butaka bw’u Burundi, ashimangira ko ari igikorwa kivogera ubusugire bw’igihugu, kigashyira mu kaga abasivile kandi kigaca intege inzira zose zigamije kugera ku mahoro arambye mu karere.
Ambasaderi Maniratanga yasabye Akanama k’Umutekano ka Loni guhamagaza inama yihutirwa igamije gufata ingamba zikomeye zirimo ibihano by’intwaro n’iby’ubukungu ku Rwanda. Yanavuze ko nubwo u Burundi bwifuza amahoro, butazemera gukomeza gutereranwa mu gihe ibitero byakomeza, ashimangira ko igihugu cye cyiteguye kwinjira mu ntambara mu gihe byaba ngombwa.
Ati: “Agahenge kagira imbibi. Niba ibyo bitero bikomeje, bizagorana cyane kwirinda intambara yeruye hagati y’ibihugu byacu.”
Aya magambo aje mu gihe u Burundi bukomeje kwijundika u Rwanda, mu gihe ingabo zabwo zimaze gutsindwa mu mirwano yabereye mu bice bya Kamanyola, Lubarika na Luvungi. Izo ngabo kandi zishinjwa kugira uruhare mu bwicanyi bwibasira abasivile, cyane cyane Abanyamulenge bo mu karere ka Minembwe.
Ku rundi ruhande, u Rwanda rwahakanye ibi birego byose, ruvuga ko rushyigikiye ibisubizo bya dipolomasi aho gushora akarere mu ntambara yeruye ishobora guteza ingaruka zikomeye ku mutekano n’ubukungu.
