Hari intambara umuntu yumva mu makuru akayifata nk’iri kure, akumva ari inkuru yo mu bindi bihugu. Ariko hari n’igihe iyo ntambara iguhindukira impamo, ikava mu mu butangazamakuru ikaza ku marembo y’urugo rwawe.
Ibyabereye i Uvira ni ko byabaye ku Burundi. Intambara yo mu burasirazuba bwa Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo, yari imaze imyaka ikurikiranwa i Bujumbura nk’iy’abandi, yisanze igeze mu bilometero 25 gusa uvuye ku murwa mukuru w’igihugu.
Perezida Evariste Ndayishimiye, wohereje ingabo mu Burasirazuba bwa Congo yibwira ko ari urugamba rwa kure, ntiyigeze atekereza ko imirwano yatangirira mu bilometero ibihumbi, ikisanga yegereye igihugu cye ku buryo ituma ubwoba bwinjira mu mitima y’abategetsi n’abaturage.
Ifatwa rya Uvira ryari rirenze inkuru y’igisirikare gusa. Ryari ikibazo cy’ubukungu, cy’umutekano, n’icyubahiro cya Leta. Uwo mujyi wari usigaye ari wo muyoboro w’ingenzi u Burundi buboneramo ibikomoka kuri peteroli, isukari, amavuta n’ibikomoka ku buhinzi biva muri Congo, cyane cyane nyuma yo gufunga imipaka n’u Rwanda muri Mutarama 2024. Uvira yari ihuriro ry’ubuzima bw’igihugu.
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Ariko ikirenze ubukungu, ubwoba bwa Ndayishimiye bwari bushingiye ku ngabo ze. Zari zarashinze ibirindiro muri Teritwari za Uvira, Fizi na Mwenga. Ifatwa ry’umujyi ryakurikiwe n’ikibazo gikomeye: abo basirikare bari butahe bate? Banyuze he? Bafashwe bate n’imitwe bari bahanganye nayo yari imaze kugera hafi y’umupaka w’u Burundi?
Hari n’ikindi cyari kimuhangayikishije kurusha ibindi: umutwe wa RED-Tabara urwanya ubutegetsi bwe. Perezida w’u Burundi yari azi neza ko AFC/M23 iramutse ihaye inzira uwo mutwe, byahindura igihugu cye mo ikibuga cy’intambara.
Icyakora AFC/M23 yahisemo kohereza ubutumwa butandukanye n’ubwatekerezwaga. Yamenyesheje Ndayishimiye ko yiteguye guha inzira ingabo z’u Burundi zigataha mu mahoro niba zibishaka, imwizeza ko itazigera yemerera RED-Tabara kunyura mu bice igenzura, kandi ikanatangaza ko itazafunga umupaka wa Gatumba–Kavimvira kugira ngo ubucuruzi bukomeze hagati ya Bujumbura na Uvira.
Ariko ayo magambo ntiyagize atuma u Burundi butuza. Ndayishimiye yahisemo gufunga umupaka ku ruhande rw’u Burundi, avuga ko abikoze “ku mpamvu z’umutekano”. Icyo cyemezo cyari ishusho y’uko icyizere cyari cyamaze gushira.
Ubuhemu yagiriye Abanyamulenge, yemera ko bagabwaho ibitero birimo n’ibya drones zivugwa ko zahagurukiraga i Bujumbura, bwari bwaramaze kumusiga mu mwijima w’icyizere. Nta buryo yabonaga AFC/M23 yashyira mu bikorwa ibyo yamusezeranyije. Inama z’igitaraganya mu basirikare bakuru zarakomeje, ariko umwanzuro uba umwe: nta kindi cyakorwa usibye gucyura abasirikare batsinzwe.
Kuva mu gitondo cyo ku wa 9 Ukuboza, imodoka n’ubwato byoherejwe i Uvira no mu Ntara ya Tanganyika. Ingabo z’u Burundi zitangira gutaha, nubwo bamwe bagumye bihishahisha mu mashyamba ya Fizi na Mwenga, batinya inzira zose zari zamaze gufungwa n’intambara.
Mu gihe u Burundi bwari mu bwoba, ifatwa rya Uvira ryarikoroje mu karere kose. Ni umujyi wa gatatu ukomeye mu Burasirazuba bwa Congo nyuma ya Goma na Bukavu. Ku bantu badakurikirana neza politiki n’umutekano w’akarere, byasaga n’aho ari wo mujyi munini wa mbere AFC/M23 ifashe. Igitutu ku Rwanda cyatangiye kwiyongera mu mvugo za dipolomasi n’itangazamakuru, u Burundi nabwo bushya ubwoba.
Ariko bidatinze, AFC/M23 yatangaje ko ivuye muri uwo mujyi. Mu ijoro ryo ku wa 16 Ukuboza, saa munani n’iminota ibiri mbere ya saa sita z’ijoro, Corneille Nangaa yashyize ku rubuga X itangazo rivuga ko abarwanyi b’iri huriro bavuye muri Uvira bagezemo ku wa 9 Ukuboza 2025.
Ku bantu benshi byabateye urujijo. Ariko ku basesenguzi ba politiki, nta gikuba cyari gicitse. Bibutse ko no ku wa 22 Werurwe 2025, AFC/M23 yari yaravuye muri Walikale yari imazemo iminsi itatu gusa, mu rwego rwo guha amahirwe ibiganiro by’amahoro.
Kuva muri Uvira byashyizwe mu murongo umwe: intambwe yo kongerera amahirwe ibiganiro by’i Doha muri Qatar. Ku ruhande rwa AFC/M23, si ugutsindwa. Ni ubutumwa bugaragaza ko badashyira imbere intambara, ko bakomeje inzira y’amahoro basaba kuva mu 2017, mbere y’uko Gen Sultani Makenga ava mu buhungiro muri Uganda agasubira mu mashyamba ya Congo.
Abakurikirana ibiganiro by’amahoro bazi ko kugenzura agace runaka byongera ijambo ku meza y’ibiganiro. Mu 2022, AFC/M23 yari ifite Bunagana gusa. Uyu munsi ifite Goma na Bukavu. Ifatwa rya Uvira ryari nk’ukwibutsa Tshisekedi ko kudindiza ibiganiro by’i Doha bifite igiciro, kandi ko AFC/M23 ishobora gukoresha n’umututu igihe bibaye ngombwa.
Bamwe mu banyamakuru n’abakoresha imbuga nkoranyambaga bavuze ko amagambo n’amatangazo byamagana u Rwanda nyuma y’ifatwa rya Uvira ari byo byatumye AFC/M23 ivayo. Ibi ni ukwibeshya gushingiye ku kutamenya itandukaniro ry’amasezerano.
Imirwano yagejeje ku ifatwa rya Uvira ntiyarebaga amasezerano ya Washington hagati y’u Rwanda na Congo, ahubwo yarebaga amasezerano y’i Doha hagati ya Congo na AFC/M23. Amasezerano ya Washington agamije kubaka icyizere hagati y’ibihugu byombi, kurandura FDLR no gukuraho ingamba z’ubwirinzi z’u Rwanda. Naho aya Doha yo agamije guhagarika intambara iri hagati ya FARDC na AFC/M23.
Ni ibisanzwe ko mu ntambara z’imbere mu gihugu, ubutumwa bwa dipolomasi bunyuzwa ku kindi gihugu. Nk’uko Hamas inyuza ubutumwa kuri Qatar cyangwa Misiri, cyangwa TPLF ikabunyuza kuri Kenya na Afurika y’Epfo, ni ibisanzwe ko ubutumwa bugenewe AFC/M23 bwanyuzwa ku Rwanda.
Perezida Paul Kagame ubwe yabyivugiye muri Jeune Afrique muri Mutarama 2023, aho yavuze ko byashoboka kuganira n’abayobozi ba M23 mu rwego rwo guhagarika imirwano. No ku wa 11 Ukuboza 2025, yongeye gusobanura uko AFC/M23 yavuye muri Walikale ku busabe bw’inshuti zashakaga amahoro, ariko FARDC ikabyuririraho igatera.
Nk’uko Nangaa yabitangaje, kuva muri Uvira byabaye ku busabe bwa Amerika mu guha amahirwe ibiganiro by’i Doha. Aha rero, kuvuga igitutu ku Rwanda ni ukwirengagiza ukuri: u Rwanda ntirwari muri Uvira, ntiruri mu biganiro bya Doha. Icyabaye ni uko rushobora kuba rwaranyuzwaho ubutumwa, AFC/M23 ikabwumva cyangwa ikabwanga uko ishaka.
Uvira rero ikomeje kuba ikimenyetso gikomeye: cy’ubwoba bw’u Burundi, cy’ubutumwa bwa AFC/M23, n’icy’uko amahoro mu Burasirazuba bwa Congo agifite amahirwe make, ariko ntagapfe. Kuko mu gihe FARDC n’abayifasha basubira kwica abasivili no gutera, intambara ishobora kongera kugaruka ku marembo y’u Burundi, no mu karere kose.
