Kuri uyu munsi wa Noheli tariki ya 25 Ukuboza 2025, Umugaba Mukuru w’Ingabo za AFC/M23, Gen. Sultani Emmanuel Makenga, yujuje imyaka 52. Uyu musirikare ufite amateka yihariye mu ntambara zagiye zibera mu burasirazuba bwa Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo (RDC) no mu karere, azwiho kuba intwari ikomeye ariko kandi adakunda kugaragara cyane mu ruhame.
Makenga yavukiye i Nyanzale, mu karere ka Masisi, mu mwaka wa 1973, ku munsi wa Noheli. Amateka ye y’ubuzima, nk’uko yagiye abivuga mu biganiro bitandukanye, ni “intambara” kuva mu mashuri kugera mu mirimo ye ya gisirikare.
Mu kiganiro yagiranye n’itangazamakuru mu 2013, yavuze ko “Ubuzima bwanjye ni intambara, amashuri yanjye ni intambara, ururimi rwanjye ni intambara… Ariko nubaha amahoro.”
Ku myaka 17, Makenga yaje kwifatanya n’umutwe wa Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF – Inkotanyi), umugambi wabo w’ingenzi wari ukurwanya ihohoterwa ry’Abatutsi mu Rwanda no gufasha impunzi gutahuka.
Nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994, RPF yafashe ubutegetsi i Kigali, naho benshi mu bashyigikiye leta yatsinzwe bahungira muri Congo (yari icyo gihe yitwaga Zaïre).
Mu gisirikare cya RPA, Makenga yageze ku ipeti rya serija ndetse akorera umukuru wa palatuni y’abasirikare. Abajyanama be n’abandi barwananye mu ntambara basanga ari umugabo w’icyubahiro mu bijyanye no gutegura imbambirane n’imbundabare. Gusa, kuba atari yarize amashuri menshi no kutavuga neza Icyongereza cyangwa Igifaransa byamubangamiye mu kuzamuka ku mapeti yo hejuru.
Mu 1997, Makenga yari mu nyeshyamba z’Abanyecongo zafashijwe n’u Rwanda gukuraho Perezida Mobutu Sese Seko, bituma Laurent-Désiré Kabila afata ubutegetsi.
Ariko guhuzagurika kw’imikoranire hagati y’u Rwanda na Kabila byatumye Makenga atabona umwanya wo gukomeza urugamba, ahita afungwa ku kirwa cya Iwawa nyuma yo kwanga amabwiriza yo gusubira mu Rwanda, nk’uko byagaragajwe n’Akanama ka Loni gashinzwe umutekano.
Icyo gihe gufungwa kwe byari ikimenyetso cy’imbogamizi ku rugendo rwe rwa gisirikare ariko ntibyashoboye kumubuza gukomeza kugira uruhare mu mateka y’akarere nyuma yo kurekurwa.
Nyuma y’uko akuwe muri gereza, Makenga yahitiye ku rugamba, aho yamenyekana nk’umurwanyi kabuhariwe uyobora ingabo mu buryo bwa kinyamwuga.
Mu 1998, ubwo ingabo z’u Rwanda zinjiraga mu burasirazuba bwa Congo, Makenga yakomeje kwerekana ubushobozi mu guhangana n’abagizi ba nabi ndetse no gukumira ihohoterwa ry’Abatutsi b’Abanyecongo.
Yagize ati: “Kabila yari umunyapolitike, njye si ndi we. Ndi umusirikare, kandi ururimi nzi ni urw’imbunda.”
Nyuma y’amasezerano ya leta n’inyeshyamba mu 2009, Makenga n’abandi bashinze umutwe wa M23 mu 2012, bahita batangiza ibitero bikomeye byafashe umujyi wa Goma.
Yashinjwaga ibyaha by’intambara ndetse anafatirwa ibihano byashyizweho na Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika kubera kwinjiza abana mu gisirikare n’ubwicanyi ku basivile, ibyo yahise avuga ko “nta shingiro bifite.”
Mu 2013, M23 yarashweho n’ihuriro ry’ingabo z’ibihugu byo mu karere n’iz’iza Loni. Igice cya Makenga cyahungiye muri Uganda, mu gihe abandi nka Gen. Bosco Ntaganda bahungiye mu Rwanda, Ntaganda aza gukatirwa imyaka 30 mu Rukiko Mpuzamahanga i La Haye. Nyuma y’imyaka umunani, Makenga agaruka muri Congo mu 2021, yongera gutangiza intambara mu karere ka Canzu, hafi y’umupaka w’u Rwanda na Uganda.
Kuva icyo gihe, Makenga ntabwo akunda kugaragara cyane mu ruhame. Ubuyobozi bw’ingabo ayoboye bwibanda ku bikorwa aho gukorera ku mbwirwaruhame. Muri uku kwezi, ingabo za AFC/M23 zafashe umujyi wa Uvira mu ntara ya Kivu y’Amajyepfo, mbere yo kuwusohokamo nyuma y’iminsi umunani kubera igikorwa cyagizwemo uruhare n’amahanga, cyane cyane Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika.
Makenga agaragaza ko intambara ayirwanira abana be batatu, kugira ngo bazagire ahazaza heza mu gihugu. Ati: “Sinkwiye kuboneka nk’umugabo udashaka amahoro. Mfite umutima, mfite umuryango n’abantu nitayeho.”
Kuri uyu munsi wa Noheli, abayobozi n’abasirikare bakuru mu karere bashimira Makenga ku rugero rwe rw’ubutwari no ku bikorwa bye byo gukumira intambara mu burasirazuba bwa Congo. Nubwo yakatiwe igihano cy’urupfu n’ubutegetsi bwa Congo, Makenga avuga ko nta kizamuvana ku byo yiyemeje: “Nzatanga icyo byasaba cyose.”
Uyu munsi, Gen. Sultani Emmanuel Makenga, yujuje imyaka 52, agaragaza ko intambara n’amateka atamubuza kugira icyerekezo cyo kurengera abantu no gukomeza guharanira amahoro mu karere akomokamo. Uru rugendo rwe rw’umwihariko rutanga isomo ku bumuntu, ubutwari, n’ingaruka z’intambara ku mateka y’abaturage b’akarere.
