Kuva ku wa 9 Ukuboza 2025, Umujyi wa Uvira, umwe mu mijyi ikomeye cyane mu Ntara ya Kivu y’Amajyepfo, waguye mu maboko y’ihuriro AFC/M23, nyuma y’igihe gito cy’imirwano ryarwanye n’ihuriro ry’ingabo za Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo (FARDC) zifatanyije n’ingabo z’u Burundi. Ifatwa ry’uyu mujyi rifatwa nk’impinduka zikomeye mu ntambara iri kubera mu Burasirazuba bwa Congo, by’umwihariko ku rwego rw’umutekano n’ubukungu.
Amakuru aturuka mu nzego zitandukanye zizewe agaragaza ko ifatwa rya Uvira ritabanje imirwano ikaze nk’iyagaragaye mu yindi mijyi. Nyuma y’uko AFC/M23 imaze gufata uduce tuyikikije, ingabo za FARDC n’iz’u Burundi zari ziri muri uyu mujyi zahisemo kuwuvamo zihunga, bituma abarwanyi ba AFC/M23 binjira muri Uvira nta nkomyi ikomeye bahuye na yo.
Abasesenguzi bemeza ko iki gikorwa ari ikimenyetso cy’impinduka mu buryo bw’intambara ya AFC/M23, aho uyu mutwe utagishingira gusa ku kwirwanaho, ahubwo wibanda no ku kwigarurira ibice bifite akamaro kanini mu bukungu no mu migenderanire y’akarere. Uvira, uherereye hafi cyane y’u Burundi, kandi ukora ku Kiyaga cya Tanganyika, ufatwa nk’umutima w’ubucuruzi bwa Kivu y’Amajyepfo.
Kuba AFC/M23 yarafashe Uvira nyuma y’umwaka bivugwa, bisobanurwa kandi nk’igisubizo ku bitero byagiye bigabwa ku baturage bo muri Kivu y’Amajyepfo, by’umwihariko Abanyamulenge, birimo ibitero by’indege n’iza drones, AFC/M23 ivuga ko byakorwaga n’ihuriro ry’ingabo za Leta ya Kinshasa. Uyu mutwe wagiye ushimangira ko kwinjira muri Uvira byari bigamije guhagarika ayo marorerwa no kurinda abaturage.
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Uvira ifite ubuso bungana na kilometerokare 207, ikaba ituwe n’abaturage barenga 726.000 nk’uko imibare yo mu 2024 ibigaragaza.
Ubukungu bwayo bushingiye cyane ku bucuruzi, uburobyi bwo mu Kiyaga cya Tanganyika, ubuhinzi n’ubworozi bw’amatungo magufi n’amaremare. Ibi bituma uyu mujyi uba igicumbi cy’imibereho y’abaturage benshi bo muri Kivu y’Amajyepfo.
Uyu mujyi uherereye ku ntera ya kilometero 25 gusa uvuye i Bujumbura, umurwa mukuru w’u Burundi. Mu bihe byashize, Uvira wabaye inzira y’ingenzi inyuzwamo ibicuruzwa biva mu Burasirazuba bwa Congo bijya i Bujumbura, by’umwihariko ibikomoka ku buhinzi. Ni na ho hacaga ibikomoka kuri peteroli, amavuta n’isukari byinjiraga mu Burundi mu buryo bwa magendu, bitewe n’uko ibyo bicuruzwa byari bikomeje kuba iyanga muri icyo gihugu.
Kubera ko ukora ku Kiyaga cya Tanganyika, Uvira ni umwe mu mijyi igira uruhare runini mu bucuruzi nyambukiranyamipaka bukorerwa mu nzira z’amazi. Iki kiyaga ni imwe mu nzira z’amazi zikoreshwa cyane mu bucuruzi buhuza RDC n’ibihugu byo mu Majyepfo n’Iburasirazuba bwa Afurika.
Ku rwego rw’ubukungu, ifatwa rya Uvira rifungurira AFC/M23 amarembo mashya. Binyuze ku Kiyaga cya Tanganyika, uyu mutwe ushobora kugera byoroshye ku byambu bya Kigoma muri Tanzania n’icya Mpulungu muri Zambia. Ibi bishobora gutuma habaho kwaguka kw’ubuhahirane, ishoramari n’ikorwa ry’ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga mu bice uyu mutwe ugenzura.
Inyungu zo gufata Uvira ntizigarukira gusa ku mutekano, AFC/M23 ivuga ko ari yo ntego nyamukuru, ahubwo zinareba no ku kwiyubaka mu bukungu. Abasesenguzi bavuga ko kwigenzura imijyi ifite ibyambu n’inzira z’ubucuruzi biha uyu mutwe ubushobozi bwo kwigenga mu bijyanye n’imari no kongera ubushobozi bwawo mu gihe kirekire.
Uvira ifatwa nk’inzira y’ingenzi inyuzwamo ibicuruzwa hagati ya RDC n’ibihugu bituranyi byo mu majyepfo n’iburasirazuba. Ibicuruzwa by’ingenzi byinjizwa mu gihugu biciye ku cyambu cya Kigoma muri Tanzania, mu gihe umusaruro w’ubuhinzi wo muri Kivu y’Amajyepfo wo woherezwa mu mahanga unyuze muri iyo nzira.
Impuguke mu by’ubukungu zemeza ko imiterere ya Uvira n’icyambu cya Kalundu ituma uyu mujyi uba umwe mu ifite amahirwe menshi yo gutera imbere mu Ntara ya Kivu y’Amajyepfo. Ibi ni na byo bivugwa ko byateje impungenge zikomeye Leta ya RDC, cyane ko yatakaje igicumbi gikomeye cy’ubucuruzi.
RDC ifite ibyambu bibiri by’ingenzi ku Kiyaga cya Tanganyika, ari byo Kalemie na Kalundu. Icyambu cya Kalundu giherereye mu majyaruguru ashyira uburengerazuba bw’iki kiyaga, kikaba kiri muri kilometero 4,5 uvuye mu mujyi rwagati wa Uvira. Kiri hafi cyane y’icyambu cya Bujumbura, aho kugerayo unyuze mu mazi bisaba kilometero 25 gusa.
Icyambu cya Kalundu cyubatswe mu myaka ya za 1950, gifite ubuso bwa metero 60 z’ubugari na metero 300 z’uburebure, kikaba gifite ubushobozi bwo kwakira toni zirenga 120.000 ku mwaka. Ibicuruzwa by’ingenzi bihanyuzwa birimo sima, ifu y’ingano, umuceri n’isukari.
Nubwo ari icyambu gikomeye, imihanda igihuza n’indi mijyi irimo Uvira na Bukavu yarangiritse cyane, ikaba yaranatezaga ikibazo cy’umutekano bitewe n’imitwe yitwaje intwaro yari iy’igenzura. Bivugwa ko mbere byafataga amasaha umunani kugeza ku icumi kuva Kalundu ugana i Bukavu, urugendo rurenze kilometero 130.
Abasesenguzi bagaragaza ko uko AFC/M23 yagiye ishyira ku murongo imijyi imaze igihe igenzura irimo Goma na Bukavu, ndetse n’uko ubuhahirane n’ibihugu by’akarere byongeye kuzahuka, Uvira na yo ishobora kuba igicumbi gishya cy’iterambere ry’ubukungu n’imigenderanire myiza n’akarere.
Alain Destexhe, wahoze ari Senateri mu Bubiligi ndetse n’Umunyamabanga Mukuru w’umuryango w’abaganga batagira umupaka (MSF), yagaragaje ko ifatwa rya Uvira ari igihombo gikomeye ku butegetsi bwa Perezida Félix Tshisekedi. Icyakora, yavuze ko igicumbi gikomeye cy’ubukungu bwa RDC kigikomeje kuba muri Katanga, by’umwihariko mu Mujyi wa Lubumbashi.
Destexhe yagize ati: “Mu gihe Katanga ikiri mu maboko ya Moïse Katumbi, biragoye ko ubutegetsi bwa Kinshasa bwahita bugwa. Lubumbashi iracyari kure ya Uvira ho kilometero zirenga 1000 uciye Kalemie.”
Yanongeyeho ko imirwano iri mu Burasirazuba bwa Congo iterwa ahanini n’impamvu z’umutekano, avuga ko AFC/M23 irajwe ishinga no kurengera abaturage bagabweho ibitero by’indege, bakicwa cyangwa bagatotezwa n’ubutegetsi bwagombye kubarengera.
Yashoje anenga ibihugu byasohoye amatangazo yamagana iyo mirwano, avuga ko byari bikwiye kubanza kwamagana no guhagarika urugomo rwari rumaze amezi menshi rukorerwa abaturage, mbere yo kwamagana igisubizo cyafashwe n’abarwanaga bashaka kubarengera.
Ifatwa rya Uvira rishyira AFC/M23 mu mwanya mushya, aho itagifatwa gusa nk’ihuriro ryitwaje intwaro, ahubwo nk’umukinnyi ufite ijambo rikomeye ku mutekano, ku bukungu no ku mibereho y’akarere kose ka Afurika yo hagati n’iyo mu Burasirazuba.
